1. Characteristics of students or teaching participants
2. Destination
3. Learning strategies
4. Evaluation procedures
Instructional design is divided into two levels, namely the delivery strategy and learning strategy. Describes the strategy to deliver the learning environment in general. These learning environments ranging from the usual presentation of teaching to the interaction of advanced multimedia or web adaptable teaching. These strategies are often classified according to the level of individu understanding. This shows the contents of teaching materials or learning objectives that are tailored to each individual student. So this allows the existence of a student who was studying a unit while the other students have been to five units. While the group is the type of teaching approach in which all participants are taught when the exam schedule is set to follow suit.
The second level is a learning strategy, which describes a series of formulas and methods of learning to achieve goals. Where, our main goal is to design an effective and efficient learning, so students can show reliable results every time. The formula was to describe the most optimum method for each type of learning content, learning sequence to guide the design and delivery strategies to realize them. Usually this method is based on research or experience.
Instructional design is closely related to the achievement of learning objectives. The purpose of learning is an aspect to consider in planning learning. For all the learning activities on achieving these goals estuary. Learning objectives formulated in the form of competence, namely the ability to be possessed by the participants teach. Competencies to be achieved are formulated in the form of measurable behavioral changes hereinafter called the objective. Objective changes in behavior as developed by the merger in the ABCD format, the audience (who should have the capability), Behavior (how the expected behavior can be held), Condition (in the conditions and circumstances that can demonstrate how the subject as a result of learning skills they have gained ), Degree (quality or quantity of the expected behavior is achieved as a minimum).
The effectiveness of the design is also demonstrated by the development of mathematical reasoning of students through the activities (1) presents a mathematical problem in the form of mathematical sentences in writing, (2) submit allegations, and (3) draw conclusions. Learning objectives assists in designing learning systems. That is, with clear goals can help teachers determine the subject matter, teaching methods or strategies, tools, media and learning resources, as well as in determining and designing an evaluation tool to see the success of student learning. In addition, learning objectives can also be used as a control in determining the limits and the quality of learning. That is, through goal setting, teachers can control the extent to which students have mastered the skills in accordance with the goals and demands of the applicable curriculum. Further destinations can be determined by the absorptive capacity of students and the quality of a school.
In planning and instructional design, evaluation design is very important to develop. Through proper evaluation, then we can determine the effectiveness and success of the program participants learn to implement the learning activities, so that information from the evaluation of a learning designer can make a decision whether the learning program is designed to be repaired or not, which parts are considered to have weaknesses that need to be repaired.
Instructional design is closely related to the achievement of learning objectives. The purpose of learning is an aspect to consider in planning learning. For all the learning activities on achieving these goals estuary. Learning objectives formulated in the form of competence, namely the ability to be possessed by the participants teach. Competencies to be achieved are formulated in the form of measurable behavioral changes hereinafter called the objective. To develop the design, development of learning tools and instruments. The device consists of lesson plan and the student worksheet and used to implement the design in the classroom. The instrument consists of (1) teacher observation sheet activities, (2) observation of the student activity sheet, (3) test the mastery of teaching materials and (4) guidelines for student interviews.
